Journal: NPJ Vaccines

Article Title: Protective efficacy of the pan-fungal vaccine NXT-2 against vulvovaginal candidiasis in a murine model

doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01171-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-1β ( A ) and S100A8 ( B ) concentrations were assessed via ELISA. All data represents mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed by using the Mann-Whitney test for IL-1β and S100A8 concentrations. C Tissue damage was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in vaginal lavage fluid twenty-eight days post vaccination (28dpv) and five days post challenge (5dpc). Data represents mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction (* P = 0.0111, *** P = 0.0007, **** P < 0.0001). D Quantification of inflammation in vaginal tissue from sham and NXT-2 immunized mice excised 5 days post challenge. Data represents mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired student t -test (**** P < 0.0001). Vaginal tissue excised following immunization and C. albicans challenge was stained with H&E (sham— E , NXT-2— G ) and the neutrophil specific marker anti-mouse Ly6G (sham— F , NXT-2— H ). Tissue sections were scanned at 40× objective magnification using the Aperio AT2 (Leica Biosystems). Image analysis and capture was performed using ImageScope (Leica Biosystems) at 20× digital zoom level.

Article Snippet: S100A8 : Utilizing the Mouse S100A8 ELISA kit (Rockland Immunochemicals), samples were diluted 1:100 and the manufacturer’s instructions were followed.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Activity Assay, Staining, Marker

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Comparison of mRNA and protein EPB41L3 levels in lung-tissue-derived fibroblasts between 14 IPF patients and 10 controls. Expression of EPB41L3 mRNA (normalized to that of β-actin) was measured using (A) RT-PCR, (B) densitometry, and (C) real-time PCR (log (2−∆∆Ct). Protein expression of EPB41L3 (normalized to that of β-actin) was measured using (D) Western blot and (E) densitometry. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to identify the statistical significance between IPF and control groups. Data are medians and quantiles, and * p < 0.01. (F) Correlations between the RT-PCR and Western blot band intensities was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. (See Figure S1 for RT-PCR and original Western blot images.)

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Comparison, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, MANN-WHITNEY, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Changes in mRNA and protein of EPB41L3 and EMT-related genes expressed by A549 cells after stimulation with TGF-β. A549 cells were cultured with or without 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 24, 48, and 72 h. The EPB41L3-, N-cadherin-, E-cadherin-, and COL1A1-to-β-actin ratios were measured using (A) real-time PCR, (B) Western blot, and (C) densitometry of protein bands. They were normalized to β-actin and expressed as ratios. All experiments were performed separately six times, and the representative images are shown. Data are mean ± SE of the six independent experiments. Basal levels (0 h) were excluded from statistical analysis. Significant differences between groups were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared to TGF-β1-stimulated cells. Black bars: untreated control group, bars with diagonals: TGF-β1-treated group. (See Figure S2 for original Western blot images).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Effect of EPB41L3 transfection on EMT-related genes in the A549 cell line. Changes in EPB41L3 and EMT-related gene expression after EPB41L3 transfection in the presence and absence of 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 48 h. Expression of mRNA and protein normalized to β-actin levels were measured using (A-1–A-4) real-time PCR, (B) Western blot, and (C-1–C-4) densitometry of protein bands. They were normalized to β-actin and expressed as ratios. Independent experiments were analyzed using densitometry. All experiments were performed separately six times, and the represen- tative images are shown. Data are mean ± SE of 6 independent experiments. Significant differences between groups were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Lv: Lentivirus, black bar: control group, open bar: EPB41L3-overexpressing group. (See Figure S3 for original Western blot images).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Transfection, Gene Expression, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Effect of silencing EPB41L3 on EMT-related genes in A549 cells. Changes of EPB41L3 expression in response to EPB41L3 siRNA in the presence and absence of 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 48 h. Expression of mRNA and protein normalized to the β-actin level was measured using (A) real-time PCR, (B) Western blot, and (C-1–C-3) densitometry of protein bands. Independent experiments were analyzed using densitometry. They were normalized to β-actin and expressed as ratios. All experiments were performed separately six times, and the representative images are shown. Data are mean ± SE of 6 independent experiments. Significant differences between groups were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05. Black bar: control group, open bar: scramble group, Gray bar: EPB41L3-knockdown group. (See Figure S4 for original Western blot images).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control, Knockdown

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Changes in mRNA and protein levels of EPB41L3 and FMT-related genes expressed by MRC5 cells after stimulation with TGF-β. MRC5 cells were cultured with or without 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 24, 48, and 72 h. The EPB41L3-, FN1-, ACTA2-, N-cadherin-, and COL1A1-to-β-actin ratios were measured using (A-1–A-5) real-time PCR, (B) Western blot and (C-1–C-4) densitometry. Independent experiments were analyzed using densitometry. They were normalized to β-actin and expressed as ratios. All experiments were performed separately six times, and the representative images are shown. Data are mean ± SE of 6 independent experiments. Basal levels (0 h) were excluded from statistical analysis. Significant differences between groups were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared to TGF-β1-stimulated cells. Black bar: control group, open bar: EPB41L3-overexpressing group. (See Figure S5 for original Western blot images).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Effect of EPB41L3 transfection on FMT-related genes in the MRC5 cell line. Changes in the expression of EPB41L3 and FMT-related genes in response to EPB41L3 transfection in the presence and absence of 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 48 h. Expression of mRNA and protein normalized to the β-actin level were measured using (A-1–A-3) real-time PCR, (B) Western blot, and (C-1–C-3) densitometry of protein bands. They were normalized to β-actin and expressed as ratios. Independent experiments were analyzed using densitometry. All experiments separately were performed six times, and the representative images are shown. Data are mean ± SE of 6 independent experiments. Significant differences between groups were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. Lv: Lentivirus, black bar: control group, open bar: EPB41L3-overexpressing group. (See Figure S6 for original Western blot images).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Effect of silencing EPB41L3 on FMT-related genes in MRC5 cells. Changes in the ex- pression of EPB41L3 and FMT-related genes in response to EPB41L3 siRNA. Expression of mRNA and protein were measured using (A-1–A-4) real-time PCR, (B) Western blot, and (C-1–C-4) den- sitometry of protein bands. Independent experiments were analyzed using densitometry. They were normalized to β-actin and expressed as ratios. All experiments separately were performed six times, and the representative images are shown. Data are mean ± SE of 6 independent experiments. Significant differences between groups were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05. Black bar: control group, open bar: scramble group, gray bar: EPB41L3-knockdown group. (See Figure S7 for original Western blot images).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and incubated for 24 h at 4 ◦C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-human EPB41L3 (1:2000; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA, #10719-I-AP), mouse monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin (1:1000; Invitrogen, #33-4000), mouse monoclonal anti-human N-cadherin (1:1000, Invitrogen, #33-3300), rabbit polyclonal anti-human collagen I (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #MA1-26771), mouse monoclonal anti-human-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam, #ab7817), mouse monoclonal anti-human fibronectin (1:1000; Abcam, #ab6328), and mouse monoclonal anti-human β-actin (1:50,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #A1978).

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control, Knockdown